Computer mouse Wikipedia. A computer mouse with the most common features two buttons left and right and a scroll wheel, which can also act as a third button. A computer mouse is a hand held pointing device that detects two dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface. Java Motherboard Serial Number Linux Distributions Like WindowsHam Radio Software on Centos Linux Configuring multitudes of Amateur HAM Radio software for Centos6 Centos5 Linux. MX Linux is a cooperative venture between the antiX and former MEPIS communities, using the best tools and talents from each distro and including work and ideas. Packet Tracer 7. 0 has been released with IoE support and new Cisco devices 819IOX, 829 routers, IE2000. IoE features are linked to the CCNA industrial exam. Operating Systems, freeware and nonfree, such as Linux, FreeBSD, BeOS, Zeta, Unix, RiscOS, Amiga, DOSclones, Windowsemulators, etc. The first public demonstration of a mouse controlling a computer system was in 1. Originally wired to a computer, modern mice are often cordless, relying on short range radio communication with the connected system. Mice originally used a ball rolling on a surface to detect motion, but modern mice often have optical sensors that have no moving parts. In addition to moving a cursor, computer mice have one or more buttons to allow operations such as selection of a menu item on a display. Mice often also feature other elements, such as touch surfaces and wheels, which enable additional control and dimensional input. The earliest known publication of the term mouse as referring to a computer pointing device is in Bill Englishs July 1. Java Motherboard Serial Number Linux Distributions UbuntuComputer Aided Display Control. The plural for the small rodent is always mice in modern usage. The plural of a computer mouse is mouses and mice according to most dictionaries, but mice being more common. The first recorded plural usage is mice the online Oxford Dictionaries cites a 1. J. C. R. Lickliders The Computer as a Communication Device of 1. Java Motherboard Serial Number Linux Distributions Comparison' title='Java Motherboard Serial Number Linux Distributions Comparison' />HistoryeditThe trackball, a related pointing device, was invented in 1. Ralph Benjamin as part of a post World War II era fire controlradar plotting system called Comprehensive Display System CDS. Benjamin was then working for the British Royal Navy Scientific Service. Benjamins project used analog computers to calculate the future position of target aircraft based on several initial input points provided by a user with a joystick. Benjamin felt that a more elegant input device was needed and invented what they called a roller ball for this purpose. The device was patented in 1. Another early trackball was built by British electrical engineer. Stepbystep guide for installing Red Hat Linux as well as system configuration. Java Motherboard Serial Number Linux Distributions' title='Java Motherboard Serial Number Linux Distributions' />Kenyon Taylor in collaboration with Tom Cranston and Fred Longstaff. Taylor was part of the original Ferranti Canada, working on the Royal Canadian Navys DATAR Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving system in 1. DATAR was similar in concept to Benjamins display. The trackball used four disks to pick up motion, two each for the X and Y directions. Several rollers provided mechanical support. When the ball was rolled, the pickup discs spun and contacts on their outer rim made periodic contact with wires, producing pulses of output with each movement of the ball. By counting the pulses, the physical movement of the ball could be determined. A digital computer calculated the tracks and sent the resulting data to other ships in a task force using pulse code modulation radio signals. This trackball used a standard Canadian five pin bowling ball. It was not patented, since it was a secret military project. Early mouse patents. From left to right Opposing track wheels by Engelbart, November 1. U. S. Patent 3,5. Ball and wheel by Rider, September 1. U. S. Patent 3,8. Ball and two rollers with spring by Opocensky, October 1. U. S. Patent 3,9. Douglas Engelbart of the Stanford Research Institute now SRI International has been credited in published books by Thierry Bardini,1. Paul Ceruzzi,1. 2Howard Rheingold,1. Engelbart was also recognized as such in various obituary titles after his death in July 2. Install Software Of Nokia 6300. By 1. 96. 3, Engelbart had already established a research lab at SRI, the Augmentation Research Center ARC, to pursue his objective of developing both hardware and software computer technology to augment human intelligence. That November, while attending a conference on computer graphics in Reno, Nevada, Engelbart began to ponder how to adapt the underlying principles of the planimeter to X Y coordinate input. On November 1. 4, 1. He wrote that the bug would be easier and more natural to use, and unlike a stylus, it would stay still when let go, which meant it would be much better for coordination with the keyboard. In 1. 96. 4, Bill English joined ARC, where he helped Engelbart build the first mouse prototype. They christened the device the mouse as early models had a cord attached to the rear part of the device which looked like a tail, and in turn resembled the common mouse. As noted above, this mouse was first mentioned in print in a July 1. English was the lead author. On 9 December 1. Engelbart publicly demonstrated the mouse at what would come to be known as The Mother of All Demos. Engelbart never received any royalties for it, as his employer SRI held the patent, which expired before the mouse became widely used in personal computers. In any event, the invention of the mouse was just a small part of Engelbarts much larger project of augmenting human intellect. Inventor Douglas Engelbart holding the first computer mouse,2. Several other experimental pointing devices developed for Engelbarts o. N Line System NLS exploited different body movements  for example, head mounted devices attached to the chin or nose  but ultimately the mouse won out because of its speed and convenience. The first mouse, a bulky device pictured used two potentiometers perpendicular to each other and connected to wheels the rotation of each wheel translated into motion along one axis. At the time of the Mother of All Demos, Engelbarts group had been using their second generation, 3 button mouse for about a year. On October 2, 1. 96. Rollkugel German for rolling ball was described as an optional device for its SIG 1. German company Telefunken. As the name suggests and unlike Engelbarts mouse, the Telefunken model already had a ball. It was based on an earlier trackball like device also named Rollkugel that was embedded into radar flight control desks. This trackball had been developed by a team led by Rainer Mallebrein at Telefunken Konstanz for the German Bundesanstalt fr Flugsicherung as part of their TR 8. SIG 1. 00 8. 62. The ball based computer mouse with a Telefunken. Rollkugel. RKS 1. TR 8. 6 computer system. When the development for the Telefunken main frame TR 4. Mallebrein and his team came up with the idea of reversing the existing Rollkugel into a moveable mouse like device, so that customers did not have to be bothered with mounting holes for the earlier trackball device. Together with light pens and trackballs, it was offered as an optional input device for their system since 1. Some Rollkugel mouses installed at the Leibniz Rechenzentrum in Munich in 1. Telefunken considered the invention too unimportant to apply for a patent on it. The Xerox Alto was one of the first computers designed for individual use in 1. Inspired by PARCs Alto, the Lilith, a computer which had been developed by a team around Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zrich between 1. The third marketed version of an integrated mouse shipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came with the Xerox 8. Star in 1. 98. 1. By 1. 98. 2, the Xerox 8. The Sun 1 also came with a mouse, and the forthcoming Apple Lisa was rumored to use one, but the peripheral remained obscure Jack Hawley of The Mouse House reported that one buyer for a large organization believed at first that his company sold lab mice. Android operating system Wikipedia. Android. Android 8. Oreo home screen. Developer. Written in. Java UI, C core, C1OS family. Unix like. Working state. Current. Source model. Open source and in most devices with proprietary components. Initial release. September 2. Latest release. 8. Oreo August 2. Latest preview. Oreo October 2. Marketing target. Smartphones, tablet computers, Android TV, Android Auto and Android Wear. Available in. 10. Package manager. APKprimarily through Google Play installation of APKs also possible locally or from alternative sources such as F DroidPlatforms. ARM, x. 86, x. 86 6. MIPS and MIPS6. 4Kernel type. Monolithicmodified Linux kernelUserland. Bionic libc,4mksh shell,5Toybox as core utilities beginning with Android 6. Net. BSD89Default user interface. Graphical multi touchLicense. Apache License 2. GNU GPL v. 2 for the Linux kernel modifications1. Official websiteandroid. Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Androids user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real world actions, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to manipulate on screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input. In addition to touchscreen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics. Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2. Android was unveiled in 2. Open Handset Alliance  a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Beginning with the first commercial Android device in September 2. Oreo, released in August 2. Android applications apps can be downloaded from the Google Play store, which features over 2. February 2. 01. 7. Android has been the best selling OS on tablets since 2. As of May 2. 01. 7update, Android has two billion monthly active users, and it has the largest installed base of any operating system. Androids source code is released by Google under an open source license, although most Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of free and open source and proprietary software, including proprietary software required for accessing Google services. Android is popular with technology companies that require a ready made, low cost and customizable operating system for high tech devices. Its open nature has encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community driven projects, which deliver updates to older devices, add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices originally shipped with other operating systems. The extensive variation of hardware in Android devices causes significant delays for software upgrades, with new versions of the operating system and security patches typically taking months before reaching consumers, or sometimes not at all. The success of Android has made it a target for patent and copyright litigation between technology companies. History. Former Android logo wordmark 2. The Sooner prototype phone,1. Android. Android Inc. Palo Alto, California in October 2. Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. Rubin described the Android project as tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owners location and preferences. The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its pitch to investors in April 2. The company then decided that the market for cameras was not large enough for its goals, and by five months later it had diverted its efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile. Rubin had difficulty attracting investors early on, and Android was facing eviction from its office space. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him 1. Perlman refused a stake in the company, and has stated I did it because I believed in the thing, and I wanted to help Andy. In July 2. 00. 5,1. Google acquired Android Inc. Its key employees, including Rubin, Miner and White, joined Google as part of the acquisition. Not much was known about the secretive Android at the time, with the company having provided few details other than that it was making software for mobile phones. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system. Google had lined up a series of hardware components and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation. Speculation about Googles intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through December 2. An early prototype had a close resemblance to a Black. Berry phone, with no touchscreen and a physical QWERTYkeyboard, but the arrival of 2. Applei. Phone meant that Android had to go back to the drawing board. Google later changed its Android specification documents to state that Touchscreens will be supported, although the Product was designed with the presence of discrete physical buttons as an assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely replace physical buttons. In September 2. 00. Information. Week covered an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile telephony. On November 5, 2. Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies including Google, device manufacturers such as HTC, Motorola and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint and T Mobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled itself, with a goal to develop the first truly open and comprehensive platform for mobile devices. The first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, also known as T Mobile G1, announced on September 2. Since 2. 00. 8, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the operating system, adding new features and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release is named in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat, with the first few Android versions being called Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, and Froyo, respectively. During its announcement of Android Kit. Kat in 2. 01. 3, Google explained that Since these devices make our lives so sweet, each Android version is named after a dessert, although a Google spokesperson told CNN in an interview that Its kind of like an internal team thing, and we prefer to be a little bit how should I say a bit inscrutable in the matter, Ill say. In 2. 01. 0, Google launched its Nexus series of devices, a lineup in which Google partnered with different device manufacturers to produce new devices and introduce new Android versions. The series was described as having played a pivotal role in Androids history by introducing new software iterations and hardware standards across the board, and became known for its bloat free software with timely.